ライプニッツ哲学論集
Leibniz: Philosophical Papers, 1677–1686
Edited and translated by Lloyd Strickland
Leibniz from Oxford
- Oxford University Press -
３巻・各巻 (Hardback) \42,009(消費税込)
Edited and translated by Lloyd Strickland
Leibniz from Oxford
- Oxford University Press -
３巻・各巻 (Hardback) \42,009(消費税込)
“Religion and Theology” 560 pages
本書は、宗教や神学に関するライプニッツの著作52編を収録したものです。その中には、彼自身が生涯を通じてルター派の信徒でありながら、論争の的となっていた諸問題についてローマ・カトリックの立場を擁護した『キリスト教の検討（Examination of the Christian Religion）』が含まれています。また、未完に終わった『カトリックの真理の弁護（Apology for Catholic Truth）』の全テキストも収められており、この中でライプニッツはカトリック教徒の立場にたって執筆を行っています。その他の著作には、ライプニッツが長年にわたり取り組んだいくつかの課題が反映されています。収録された52編のテキストのうち、29編は初の英訳であり、1編はどの言語でも未発表、そしてもう1編は原形のままでは部分的にしか公表されていなかったものです。
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Leibniz's Life
2. Leibniz's Writings
3. Overview: Religion and Theology
4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical Conventions
Religion and Theology
1. Summary Explanation of Revelation
2. Consideration of the Strongest Passages Which Are Adduced from Holy Scripture and the Holy Fathers in Favour of Purgatory
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Leibniz's Life
2. Leibniz's Writings
3. Overview: Religion and Theology
4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical Conventions
Religion and Theology
1. Summary Explanation of Revelation
2. Consideration of the Strongest Passages Which Are Adduced from Holy Scripture and the Holy Fathers in Favour of Purgatory
3. On the Breaking of Ecclesiastical Communion
4. On the Obligation to Believe
5. Civil and Sacred Controversies
6. On General Sacred Controversies
7. Remarks on Steno's Conversion
8. On Controversies
9. The Judge of Controversies
10. Various Definitions of the Church
11. What Is it to Be or Not to Be in the Roman Church?
12. On the Worship of the Saints
13. Demonstration that the Host Should Not Be Adored
14. There is Only One God
15. Preface to a Planned Latin Translation of Bossuet's Exposition of the Catholic Faith
16. Dialogue Between a Theologian and a Misosophist
17. Dialogue Between Poliander and Theophile
18. Conversation Between the Marquis of Pianezza, Minister of State of Savoy, and Father Emery, a Hermit
19. Dialogue Between an Able Politician and an Ecclesiastic of Recognized Piety
20. Dialogue Between Theophile and Polidore
21. On Scripture, the Church, and the Trinity
22. On the Triune God
23. On the Person of Christ
24. The Physical Origin of Circumcision
25. Opinion on the Nature and Power of the Catholic Church
26. Reflections on the Change of External Profession of Religion and What Should Be Proved by Protestants who Refuse to Return to the Roman Church, if in Good Conscience They Prefer to Remain in Separation
27. On Attending to the Salvation of the Soul
28. On Not Violating the Principle of Contradiction in Divine Matters
29. On the Trinity
30. Account of the Exploits of the Bishop of Tina in Hanover in 1683 and the Ill-will that Was Unjustly Stirred Up Among the Saxons as a Result
31. Protestant Complaints about Roman Catholic Dogmas and Practices
32. The Proper Starting Point of Our Faith
33. On the Unity of the Church
34. Brief Preparatory Remarks in Relation to Apologetic Works
35. Apology for the Catholic Faith Based on Right Reason
36. Rationale of the Catholic Faith Against Sects of All Kinds
37. Specimen of Catholic Demonstrations, or, Apology for the Faith Based on Reason
38. Discussion about an Apology for Catholic Truth
39. On Attempting an Apology for Catholic Truth
40. The Authority of the Church
41. On the Catholic Church
42. Thoughts about the Disagreement Between Protestants and Eastern Churches
43. The One Catholic Church
44. On the Commandment of Love, Schism, and the Principles of the Church
45. Apology for Catholic Truth
46. On Schism, Catholic Faith, and the Catholic Church
47. Rationale of the Catholic Faith
48. Theses
49. On God and the Church
50. Theological Propositions
51. Examination of the Christian Religion
52. On the Religion of Great Men
Bibliography
Index
4. On the Obligation to Believe
5. Civil and Sacred Controversies
6. On General Sacred Controversies
7. Remarks on Steno's Conversion
8. On Controversies
9. The Judge of Controversies
10. Various Definitions of the Church
11. What Is it to Be or Not to Be in the Roman Church?
12. On the Worship of the Saints
13. Demonstration that the Host Should Not Be Adored
14. There is Only One God
15. Preface to a Planned Latin Translation of Bossuet's Exposition of the Catholic Faith
16. Dialogue Between a Theologian and a Misosophist
17. Dialogue Between Poliander and Theophile
18. Conversation Between the Marquis of Pianezza, Minister of State of Savoy, and Father Emery, a Hermit
19. Dialogue Between an Able Politician and an Ecclesiastic of Recognized Piety
20. Dialogue Between Theophile and Polidore
21. On Scripture, the Church, and the Trinity
22. On the Triune God
23. On the Person of Christ
24. The Physical Origin of Circumcision
25. Opinion on the Nature and Power of the Catholic Church
26. Reflections on the Change of External Profession of Religion and What Should Be Proved by Protestants who Refuse to Return to the Roman Church, if in Good Conscience They Prefer to Remain in Separation
27. On Attending to the Salvation of the Soul
28. On Not Violating the Principle of Contradiction in Divine Matters
29. On the Trinity
30. Account of the Exploits of the Bishop of Tina in Hanover in 1683 and the Ill-will that Was Unjustly Stirred Up Among the Saxons as a Result
31. Protestant Complaints about Roman Catholic Dogmas and Practices
32. The Proper Starting Point of Our Faith
33. On the Unity of the Church
34. Brief Preparatory Remarks in Relation to Apologetic Works
35. Apology for the Catholic Faith Based on Right Reason
36. Rationale of the Catholic Faith Against Sects of All Kinds
37. Specimen of Catholic Demonstrations, or, Apology for the Faith Based on Reason
38. Discussion about an Apology for Catholic Truth
39. On Attempting an Apology for Catholic Truth
40. The Authority of the Church
41. On the Catholic Church
42. Thoughts about the Disagreement Between Protestants and Eastern Churches
43. The One Catholic Church
44. On the Commandment of Love, Schism, and the Principles of the Church
45. Apology for Catholic Truth
46. On Schism, Catholic Faith, and the Catholic Church
47. Rationale of the Catholic Faith
48. Theses
49. On God and the Church
50. Theological Propositions
51. Examination of the Christian Religion
52. On the Religion of Great Men
Bibliography
Index
“Universal Language, Characteristic, Logic, Encyclopaedia, and General Science” 704 pages
本書は、ライプニッツの最も独創的かつ野心的な構想の数々に関する著作124編を収録したものです。それらの構想には、新たな真理を解明する道具としての「新しい論理学」や「発見術」の構築、人間の推論を反映した構造を持つ合理的かつ哲学的な文法に基づく「普遍言語」の創出、あらゆる知識分野にわたる発見を促進するための記号体系（「特性記号法」）の設計、既存の知識を体系的に整理し新たな洞察を生み出すための「百科全書」の計画、そして他のあらゆる科学の基礎原理を包含する協働的かつ高次の科学（「普遍科学」）という構想の推進などが含まれます。収録された124編のテキストのうち、86編は今回初めて英語に翻訳されるものであり、5編はどの言語でもこれまで未発表であったものです。
本書は、ライプニッツの最も独創的かつ野心的な構想の数々に関する著作124編を収録したものです。それらの構想には、新たな真理を解明する道具としての「新しい論理学」や「発見術」の構築、人間の推論を反映した構造を持つ合理的かつ哲学的な文法に基づく「普遍言語」の創出、あらゆる知識分野にわたる発見を促進するための記号体系（「特性記号法」）の設計、既存の知識を体系的に整理し新たな洞察を生み出すための「百科全書」の計画、そして他のあらゆる科学の基礎原理を包含する協働的かつ高次の科学（「普遍科学」）という構想の推進などが含まれます。収録された124編のテキストのうち、86編は今回初めて英語に翻訳されるものであり、5編はどの言語でもこれまで未発表であったものです。
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Leibniz's Life
2. Leibniz's Writings
3. Overview: Logic, Universal Language, Characteristic, General Science and Encyclopaedia
4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical Conventions
Logic, Universal Language, Characteristic
1. After So Many Logics, The Logic I Want Has Not Yet Been Written
2. Definition
3. Empirical Notions
4. On the Natural Origin of Languages
5. A Dialogue
6. Words
7. Didactic Method
8. On Teaching Languages
9. General Language
10. Universal Language
11. Chrysippus' Heap
12. On a Rational Grammar and the Art of Memory
13. Paradoxes
14. Rational Language
15. On Estimating the Uncertain
16. Analysis of Languages
17. Logical-Grammatical Notes
18. Grammatical Thoughts
19. Tables. Divisions. Method. Genera and Subaltern Species
20. On the Logical Characteristic
21. Primitive Propositions
22. On a General Analytical Calculus
23. On Principles
24. Elements for Building a Calculus
25. Through the Characteristic, We Can Set Up Experiments in Metaphysics
26. Logical Conversion
27. What is Prior by Nature
28. On Negation
29. My Characteristic Requires a New Encyclopaedia
30. Elements of a Universal Characteristic
31. Elements of a Calculus
32. Elements of a Universal Calculus
33. Investigations for a Universal Calculus
34. A Calculus of Inferences
35. A Method of Examining Inferences by Numbers
36. Rules for the Validity of Inferences
37. Rules from which the Validity of Inferences and the Forms and Moods of Categorical Syllogisms Can Be Judged by Means of Numbers
38. Characteristic Numbers Expressed in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew
39. On the Universal Characteristic Language and the Art of Discovery
40. Reasoning Calculus, or, the Art of Reasoning Easily and Infallibly
41. Specimen of the Universal Calculus
42. Addenda to Specimen of the Universal Calculus
43. Verbal Characteristic
44. Whether Ideas Have Parts
45. Characteristic
46. Giving a Specimen of the Philosophical Language in Geometry
47. On Primary and Secondary Syllogistic Moods
48. On Mathematically Determining the Forms of Syllogisms
49. On the Demonstration of Non-identical Axioms
50. Method of Disputing Until the Subject is Exhausted
51. On Overcoming an Opponent Quickly
52. A Thread for Thinking, or, on Founding a New Logic
53. The Synthetic Method, that is, the Art of Ordering Theorems and Problems
54. On the Rational Language
55. On True and False, Affirmation and Negation, and Contradictories
56. General Investigations concerning the Analysis of Notions and Truths
57. Specimens of the Rational Calculus
58. Demonstration of the Axioms of Identity and Diversity
59. Definitions: Alike, Similar, Species, Affection
60. A Calculus of Coincidents
61. The Composition of One Thing by Another
62. Specimen of a Calculus of Coincidents and Inexistents
63. Grammatical Analysis for Creating a General Characteristic or Language
64. Principles of Human Knowledge
65. On the Principles of Contradiction and That There Is Nothing Without a Reason
General Science and Encyclopaedia
66. The True Method
67. Deleted Remarks on Methods
68. On the Art of Discovery in General
69. On the Most Excellent Use of the Combinatorial Art, Which Is to Write an Encyclopaedia
70. Two Methods of Geometry
71. Universal Atlas
72. A Society or Order of Charity
73. Society of the Friends of God for Celebrating God's Praises and in Opposition to the Atheism Spreading Throughout the World
74. On the Organon or Great Art of Thinking
75. On the Alphabet of Human Thoughts
76. Definitions: Something, Nothing, Substance
77. A Plan for a New Encyclopaedia to Be Written Using the Method of Discovery
78. On the Combinatorial Art of Discovery
79. The Art of Mathematics
80. Preface for The Key to Secret Mathematics
81. On the Synthetic and Analytic Methods
82. On the Usefulness of the Analytic and Synthetic Methods
83. Combinatorics
84. Elements of Mathesis for the Use of Beginners
85. On the Characteristic Art and Analytical or Combinatorial Discoveries in Universal Mathesis
86. Definitions: Good, Perfect, Privative
87. Formulas for Commands in All the Mechanical Arts Following the Example of Military Commands concerning the Handling of Arms and Evolutions
88. Reduction of the Sciences to Figures and Formulas
89. Precognita to the Encyclopaedia, that is, to Universal Science
90. Directing Studies to Happiness
91. Foundations and Specimens of the General Science concerning a New System for the Renewal and Enhancement of the Sciences
92. Foundations and Specimens of the General Science concerning the Renewal and Enhancement of the Sciences
93. Foundations of the General Science
94. Preface for Foundations of the General Science
95. Introduction to the General Science
96. On the Notions that Form the Basis of Everything We Think About
97. On the Literary Republic
98. On Joining the Advances of the Ancients with Ours
99. Preface for a Work on the Renewal of the Sciences
100. On the Elements of Truth
101. Mathematical Reflection on the Transformation of Bodies
102. Synopsis of Foundations and Specimens of the New General Science
103. Foundations and Specimens of the General Science
104. A Rule of Discovery
105. On the Use of the Combinatorial Art in the General Science
106. Idea for a Book Whose Title Will Be New Elements of Universal Mathesis
107. On the Division of the Whole World of the Sciences
108. Introduction to a Secret Encyclopaedia
109. Short Definition of General Science
110. On Universal Synthesis and Analysis, or the Art of Discovery and Judgement
111. General Observations
112. Division of Terms and Enumeration of Attributes
113. Genera of Terms
114. Divisions
115. A Popular Method of Teaching, and a More Perfect Scientific One
116. On the True Perfection of Humankind
117. Plus Ultra
118. Definitions of Metaphysical and Logical Notions
119. New Proposals
120. Recommendations for Founding the General Science
121. On the Obscuring of Primary Propositions
122. The Elements of Universal Truth
123. For the Preface to The Elements of Eternal Truth
124. The Elements of Reason
Bibliography
Index
“Metaphysics, Natural Philosophy, Ethics, and Jurisprudence” 720 pages
本書は、ライプニッツの哲学における4つの主要分野（形而上学、自然哲学、倫理学、法学）に関する著作138編を収録したものです。形而上学に関する著作では、「実体の完全概念説」、「予定調和」、「人間と神の自由の本質」、そして「偶然的真理の無限分析」といった、彼の最も特徴的な学説の展開がたどられています。自然哲学に関する著作からは、物理学の原理は究極的には形而上学の原理に依存するという彼の確信と、実験ではなく、形・運動・色といった「可想的（intelligible）」かつ「可感的（sensible）」な性質に関する先験的（ア・プリオリ）な探究に基づいた合理的物理学を構築しようとする彼の試みが明らかになります。倫理学に関する著作では、幸福、徳の役割、そして他者の視点を取り入れることの重要性が焦点となっています。法学に関する著作は、法のための体系的かつ合理的な基礎を築こうとする彼の野心と、ローマ法を近代ヨーロッパの法学と統合することによって法典を改革しようとする計画を中心に展開されています。収録された138編のテキストのうち、88編は英語への翻訳が今回初めてなされるものであり、1編はどの言語でもこれまで未発表であったものです。
本書は、ライプニッツの哲学における4つの主要分野（形而上学、自然哲学、倫理学、法学）に関する著作138編を収録したものです。形而上学に関する著作では、「実体の完全概念説」、「予定調和」、「人間と神の自由の本質」、そして「偶然的真理の無限分析」といった、彼の最も特徴的な学説の展開がたどられています。自然哲学に関する著作からは、物理学の原理は究極的には形而上学の原理に依存するという彼の確信と、実験ではなく、形・運動・色といった「可想的（intelligible）」かつ「可感的（sensible）」な性質に関する先験的（ア・プリオリ）な探究に基づいた合理的物理学を構築しようとする彼の試みが明らかになります。倫理学に関する著作では、幸福、徳の役割、そして他者の視点を取り入れることの重要性が焦点となっています。法学に関する著作は、法のための体系的かつ合理的な基礎を築こうとする彼の野心と、ローマ法を近代ヨーロッパの法学と統合することによって法典を改革しようとする計画を中心に展開されています。収録された138編のテキストのうち、88編は英語への翻訳が今回初めてなされるものであり、1編はどの言語でもこれまで未発表であったものです。
Table of Contents
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Leibniz's Life
2. Leibniz's Writings
3. Overview: Metaphysics, Natural Philosophy, Ethics, and Jurisprudence
4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical Conventions
Metaphysics
1. Mostly Metaphysical Notes
2. That Not All Possibles Attain Existence
3. Demonstration that God Understands All Possibles
4. Existence
5. On Indifference of Equilibrium
6. Matter and Motion Are Only Phenomena
7. It Is Easier to Understand God Than Comprehend Body
8. Cartesianism, the Antechamber of True Philosophy
9. The Elements of True Piety, or, on the Love of God Above All Things
10. How the Soul Acts On the Body
11. The Distinction Between Mind and Body
12. On Necessary or Eternal Truths
13. On the Reality of Truth
14. The Views of Socrates Opposed to the New Stoics and Epicureans
15. On Those Things Conceived Through Themselves
16. The Axiom: There Is Nothing in the Intellect That Was Not in the Senses
17. On Distinct Perception
18. What Is an Idea?
19. Cause of Itself
20. Middle Knowledge
21. Conversation with Steno about Freedom
22. On the Necessity of Choosing the Best
23. On Proving Divine Existence
24. God Wills Nothing Without a Reason
25. Created Things are Actually Infinite
26. On Free Will
27. On the Complete Concept of Substances
28. Natural Philosophy and Metaphysics: Definitions and Reflections
29. On Affects
30. On First Truths
31. On Necessity and Contingency
32. On Freedom from Necessity in Choosing
33. The Origin of Souls and Minds
34. An Observation on the Memory and Unity of a Person
35. Whether Bodies Are Mere Phenomena
36. On Freedom and Grace
37. On Freedom and Necessity
38. On What is Absurd, False, and Problematic in Descartes
39. On the Notion of Extension
40. On the Infinite and the Immense
41. Reflexive Action
42. Remarks on Mr. Descartes' Method and on Reverend Father Malebranche's The Search After Truth
43. On Consciousness and Memory
44. On the Animal's Soul
45. Dangerous Opinions in Descartes
46. On the Nature of Mind and Body
47. Wonders about the Nature of Corporeal Substance
48. On the Analysis of Truths and Human Judgements
49. On Cartesian Philosophy, Geometry, and Physics
50. Descartes Lost Sight of True Analysis
51. On the Cartesian Method of Doubt
52. Souls Are Either Created Every Day or Are Coeval with the World
53. Difficulties concerning the Nature and Origin of Souls
54. On the Creation of Souls and the Origin of Minds
55. On Dreams and Wakefulness
56. On the Present World
57. On the Way of Distinguishing Real Phenomena from Imaginary
58. Pleasure. An Observation Against Descartes
59. Pleasure
60. We Always Perceive Our Body
61. On Nature, or the Principle that is Analogous to the Soul
62. God is Not the Soul of the World
63. On the Goodness of God's Works
64. Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas
65. In Bodies There Is No Perfect Shape
66. On Rejecting the Particular Will of God, Against Malebranche
67. There Can Be Infinite Degrees Among Souls
68. A Vindication of Divine Justice and Human Freedom
69. Discourse on Metaphysics
70. On Knowledge )
71. On the Freedom of the Rational Creature
72. On Freedom, Fate, and God's Grace
73. On the Nature of Truth, Contingency, and Indifference, and on Freedom and Predetermination
Natural Philosophy
74. Parts of Physics
75. On the Equipollence of Cause and Effect
76. That Every Endeavour is Conserved
77. Space and Motion are Really Relations
78. That Motion Is a Relative Being
79. Pushed Bodies Act by Themselves
80. On the Way to Reach the True Analysis of Bodies and the Causes of Natural Things
81. Animal Machine
82. The Secret of Physical Analysis
83. The Laws of Nature, and Observations concerning Motion
84. On Distinct and Confused Attributes of Body
85. Physical Truths
86. Conspectus for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics
87. Preface for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics
88. The Principles of Mechanics Depend on Metaphysics
89. A Plan for Writing a Natural History
90. A Consultation about the Promotion of the Knowledge of Nature for the Needs of Life, and about the Formation of a Society for This Purpose
91. The Human Body, Like That of Any Animal, Is a Sort of Machine
92. On Writing the New Elements of Medicine
93. A Brief Demonstration of a Remarkable Error of Descartes and Others Concerning a Law of Nature, According to Which They Claim that God Always Conserves the Same Quantity of Motion, a Law They Misuse Even in Mechanics. Communicated in a Letter Dated 6 January 1686. By G. W. L.
Ethics
94. A Note on Placcius and Fabri
95. On Lying and Mockery
96. A Way to Heighten the Appearance of Something
97. On Excusing and Accusing
98. On Vices in Comedies
99. On the Art of Injuring
100. Power, Prudence, Reason of State
101. Reward. Honour. Praise
102. Supreme Happiness, Highest Good, Ultimate End: How They Differ
103. The Highest Good
104. Happiness. Beatitude
105. Good
106. The Sense of Life
107. On Spiritual Exercises
108. The Place of Others
109. Importunate Reflections on Human Misery
110. On the Art of Controlling the Passions
111. Examples of Happy Men
112. Plan for the Education of a Prince
113. On the Education of a Prince
114. On Generosity
Jurisprudence
115. On Jurisprudence
116. On the Enumeration of All Possible Complaints
117. The Method of Jurisconsults as an Exemplar for the Method of Medicine
118. Disputing in Form
119. Commonplaces
120. On Inquiring into the Reasons for Laws
121. Title 1. On Justice and Law
122. On the Interpretation, Reasons, Application, and System of Laws
123. On the Three Precepts of Eternal Law
124. Modalities and Elements of Natural Law
125. Modalities and Definitions
126. Rationale of the Digests. Prelude
127. Works of Jurisprudence Intended for Practical Use Must Be Known to a Practitioner
128. Aphorisms concerning Happiness, Wisdom, Charity, and Justice
129. The Principles of Natural Law
130. On the Analysis of Thoughts
131. On Right and Justice
132. On Justice and Writing a New Code of Laws
133. On the Common Good
134. On the Science of Natural Law
135. On Reducing the Law to an Art
136. The Science of Charity and the Supreme Rule of Right
137. On Justice and Love and the Will of God
138. Preface for a New Code
Bibliography
Index
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. Leibniz's Life
2. Leibniz's Writings
3. Overview: Metaphysics, Natural Philosophy, Ethics, and Jurisprudence
4. About the Volumes, Selections of Texts, Apparatus and Typographical Conventions
Metaphysics
1. Mostly Metaphysical Notes
2. That Not All Possibles Attain Existence
3. Demonstration that God Understands All Possibles
4. Existence
5. On Indifference of Equilibrium
6. Matter and Motion Are Only Phenomena
7. It Is Easier to Understand God Than Comprehend Body
8. Cartesianism, the Antechamber of True Philosophy
9. The Elements of True Piety, or, on the Love of God Above All Things
10. How the Soul Acts On the Body
11. The Distinction Between Mind and Body
12. On Necessary or Eternal Truths
13. On the Reality of Truth
14. The Views of Socrates Opposed to the New Stoics and Epicureans
15. On Those Things Conceived Through Themselves
16. The Axiom: There Is Nothing in the Intellect That Was Not in the Senses
17. On Distinct Perception
18. What Is an Idea?
19. Cause of Itself
20. Middle Knowledge
21. Conversation with Steno about Freedom
22. On the Necessity of Choosing the Best
23. On Proving Divine Existence
24. God Wills Nothing Without a Reason
25. Created Things are Actually Infinite
26. On Free Will
27. On the Complete Concept of Substances
28. Natural Philosophy and Metaphysics: Definitions and Reflections
29. On Affects
30. On First Truths
31. On Necessity and Contingency
32. On Freedom from Necessity in Choosing
33. The Origin of Souls and Minds
34. An Observation on the Memory and Unity of a Person
35. Whether Bodies Are Mere Phenomena
36. On Freedom and Grace
37. On Freedom and Necessity
38. On What is Absurd, False, and Problematic in Descartes
39. On the Notion of Extension
40. On the Infinite and the Immense
41. Reflexive Action
42. Remarks on Mr. Descartes' Method and on Reverend Father Malebranche's The Search After Truth
43. On Consciousness and Memory
44. On the Animal's Soul
45. Dangerous Opinions in Descartes
46. On the Nature of Mind and Body
47. Wonders about the Nature of Corporeal Substance
48. On the Analysis of Truths and Human Judgements
49. On Cartesian Philosophy, Geometry, and Physics
50. Descartes Lost Sight of True Analysis
51. On the Cartesian Method of Doubt
52. Souls Are Either Created Every Day or Are Coeval with the World
53. Difficulties concerning the Nature and Origin of Souls
54. On the Creation of Souls and the Origin of Minds
55. On Dreams and Wakefulness
56. On the Present World
57. On the Way of Distinguishing Real Phenomena from Imaginary
58. Pleasure. An Observation Against Descartes
59. Pleasure
60. We Always Perceive Our Body
61. On Nature, or the Principle that is Analogous to the Soul
62. God is Not the Soul of the World
63. On the Goodness of God's Works
64. Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas
65. In Bodies There Is No Perfect Shape
66. On Rejecting the Particular Will of God, Against Malebranche
67. There Can Be Infinite Degrees Among Souls
68. A Vindication of Divine Justice and Human Freedom
69. Discourse on Metaphysics
70. On Knowledge )
71. On the Freedom of the Rational Creature
72. On Freedom, Fate, and God's Grace
73. On the Nature of Truth, Contingency, and Indifference, and on Freedom and Predetermination
Natural Philosophy
74. Parts of Physics
75. On the Equipollence of Cause and Effect
76. That Every Endeavour is Conserved
77. Space and Motion are Really Relations
78. That Motion Is a Relative Being
79. Pushed Bodies Act by Themselves
80. On the Way to Reach the True Analysis of Bodies and the Causes of Natural Things
81. Animal Machine
82. The Secret of Physical Analysis
83. The Laws of Nature, and Observations concerning Motion
84. On Distinct and Confused Attributes of Body
85. Physical Truths
86. Conspectus for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics
87. Preface for a Little Book on the Elements of Physics
88. The Principles of Mechanics Depend on Metaphysics
89. A Plan for Writing a Natural History
90. A Consultation about the Promotion of the Knowledge of Nature for the Needs of Life, and about the Formation of a Society for This Purpose
91. The Human Body, Like That of Any Animal, Is a Sort of Machine
92. On Writing the New Elements of Medicine
93. A Brief Demonstration of a Remarkable Error of Descartes and Others Concerning a Law of Nature, According to Which They Claim that God Always Conserves the Same Quantity of Motion, a Law They Misuse Even in Mechanics. Communicated in a Letter Dated 6 January 1686. By G. W. L.
Ethics
94. A Note on Placcius and Fabri
95. On Lying and Mockery
96. A Way to Heighten the Appearance of Something
97. On Excusing and Accusing
98. On Vices in Comedies
99. On the Art of Injuring
100. Power, Prudence, Reason of State
101. Reward. Honour. Praise
102. Supreme Happiness, Highest Good, Ultimate End: How They Differ
103. The Highest Good
104. Happiness. Beatitude
105. Good
106. The Sense of Life
107. On Spiritual Exercises
108. The Place of Others
109. Importunate Reflections on Human Misery
110. On the Art of Controlling the Passions
111. Examples of Happy Men
112. Plan for the Education of a Prince
113. On the Education of a Prince
114. On Generosity
Jurisprudence
115. On Jurisprudence
116. On the Enumeration of All Possible Complaints
117. The Method of Jurisconsults as an Exemplar for the Method of Medicine
118. Disputing in Form
119. Commonplaces
120. On Inquiring into the Reasons for Laws
121. Title 1. On Justice and Law
122. On the Interpretation, Reasons, Application, and System of Laws
123. On the Three Precepts of Eternal Law
124. Modalities and Elements of Natural Law
125. Modalities and Definitions
126. Rationale of the Digests. Prelude
127. Works of Jurisprudence Intended for Practical Use Must Be Known to a Practitioner
128. Aphorisms concerning Happiness, Wisdom, Charity, and Justice
129. The Principles of Natural Law
130. On the Analysis of Thoughts
131. On Right and Justice
132. On Justice and Writing a New Code of Laws
133. On the Common Good
134. On the Science of Natural Law
135. On Reducing the Law to an Art
136. The Science of Charity and the Supreme Rule of Right
137. On Justice and Love and the Will of God
138. Preface for a New Code
Bibliography
Index